12/12/2018- Politics

Right wing politics- Have negative thoughts on the homeless people.
Left wing- Have positive thoughts on the homeless people.
Big Issue is left wing.

Gerbner's theory-

Austerity- reccession
No money leads to homelessness

Social context- ptsd leads to alcohol and drug addiction as soldiers believe this helps them to forget the war.

BBC Radio 1 & Radio X- 5/12/2018

BBC RADIO 1- BREAKFAST SHOW

Opportunities for competitions and social interaction BBC Radio 1

BBC Radio 1 facebook
coldplay- twitter
BBC radio dance music- facebook page
BBC radio 1- newsbeat debate facebook Q and A
BBC radio 1- jan slam competition
BBC radio 1- summer festivals competition
BBC radio 1- big weekend competition Nick Grimshaw

http://www.nme.com/ blogs/nme-blogsmythbusting-radio-1-losing-500000- listeners-half-story-1971412#rUQ4dQ6d8DdTbAxR.99

http://www.shoutcommunications.co.uk/blog/broadcast-pr-bbc-radio-1-strategy-to-target-specific-audience-is-working-slowly/

Calvin Harris
Liam Payne
Little Mix


Why are Radio 1 listeners shrinking 

- under 18's not listening to radio
- no streaming service
- more technology 
youtube via phone
i-player videos
- people are changing habits and tastes begin to listen to different radios
- people do not have time 

What is Radio1 doing to try to increase

- competitions/trending jokes
Innuendo bingo & Playground insults
- Radio 1 does not have streaming service therefore they are targetting their 15-29 year old demographic elswhere online on the social media 
(42% of 15- to 24-year-olds on social media follow their chosen radio station’s social pages)
- social media marketing
faceboom pages, instagram, twitter
- celebrity content
games- Innuendo Bingo & Playground Insults

Radio X & Chris Moyles

Gender- male

Ethnicity- white

Age- 25-44

Region- british/english

Socio/economic- C2/E

Radio X, mostlry intends to play- Catfish and the Battleman, Arctic Monkeys and Royal Blood.
For a short period of time, Chris Moyles has been seen casually homophobic and sexually demeaning. Even if he's reformed character now, sexism isn't only about explicit comments- exclusion is as much a part of it.

There is not much diversity at all as the main audience targeted is white man, mostly british as well. The Radio X is offensive for the Feminist groups as the audience is only man therefore the feminists will disagree and be against that. Also, there is a great diversity of ethnicities in the UK, therefore if the main targeted audience is white then the other ethnicities will consider that as being unfair and unequal towards them. This can furthermore lead to the shrinking of audience and listeners as there is neglect presented and shown towards the other gender, ethnicity and region groups mainly. 

Write an essay

Part (a)Radio 1 target audience is on the decline, discuss the reasons why audience numbers are dropping and the steps taken by the organisation to maintain (and or grow) its audience 600 words.  Discuss the role of technology in maintaining its audience

Part (b) From your viewing of https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0001903

Jon Richardson on the phones, measuring skips and did the Strictly crowd fist pump?

Discuss the impact of Radio 1’s funding (from tax payers money) on its production content. (take into account the stations remit…)  

Identify examples from your analysis of Mon 26/11/2018  you must refer to specific
examples.

FOR PART A
Why are Radio 1 listeners shrinking 

- under 18's not listening to radio
- no streaming service
- more technology 
youtube via phone
i-player videos
- people are changing habits and tastes begin to listen to different radios

- people do not have time 
- the programme is the same therefore people get bored of it 
- there's many competitors, other radios such as kiss which is more suitable for the younger generations
- listeners of radio 1 are mainly adults however nowadays the lifes of adults are very busy so they do not have time to listen to the radio
- due to the better technology there is more films and series which is what people prefer to watch instead of listening to radios


What is Radio1 doing to try to increase/maintain the audience and listeners

- competitions/trending jokes
Innuendo bingo & Playground insults
- Radio 1 does not have streaming service therefore they are targeting their 15-29 year old demographic elswhere online on the social media 
(42% of 15- to 24-year-olds on social media follow their chosen radio station’s social pages)
- social media marketing
facebook pages, instagram, twitter
- celebrity content
games- Innuendo Bingo & Playground Insults

- by including all of this they make the radio more entertaining and educative
- ''yesterday's quiz''
- posters on twitter makes information go viral, seen by more people as everyone uses social media now
- promotes british artists maintains the contempory music/industry
- Calvin Harris, Little mix, George Ezra
- BBC Iplayer
- live lounge video content; watch whenever you want

Statistics

The number of hours that 15-24 year-olds listen to radio has gone from 29 million hours in 2010 to 16 million in 2016.

That young audience has dropped from 3.7 million (45%) to 2.9 million (36%).

FOR PART B

- impact of funding on the production content 

- Production content - high quality

- budget is 34 million 

- REMIT

- entertain, inform, educate

- british artists

- Funded by the british therefore they have to present british artists and music

- Weiss, little mix, George Ezra 30%-40% british

- inform

news, weather, traffic, brexit, 

- entertain

quiz, competitions, innuendo biongo, playground insults

- educate

brexit information, news

The Big Issue Part 2- analysis of the soldier&homelessness- 21/11/2018

The Big Issue Part 2 

Analysis of the magazine cover- powerpoint slide

War veterans and homelessness. 

Discuss why the Big Issue chose to highlight this issue.

Most people usually believe and see all homeless people as undeserving however they do not think about the few war veterans who have become homeless too. Therefore, this has become an issue which nobody is resolving or actually realising it, so that is why the Big Issue is focusing on it and emphasising it.  

The Big Issue tries to break the stereotype that ''all homeless people are undeserving of help'' as the war veterans who are homeless are actually deserving of help as a result of what they have done for all of us. 

A reason for the soldiers who have been left homeless is because of the Post-traumatic stress they have received after the war. The memories of war remain forever and haunt the soldiers forever therefore is really hard for them to continue their 'normal life' after the war they have been fighting in. Unlike some other homeless people, the homeless soldiers have actually got a reasonable and serious reason to have become homeless because. 

At least 13,000 of our war heroes are homeless after leaving the military, a Sunday People probe reveals.

Charity bosses say the problem has been made worse by cuts to the armed forces, which has led to almost 30,000 troops losing their jobs since 2010.

“The Government is spending more than £1billion to prevent homelessness and rough sleeping.”

•Most media studies on poverty point in the direction of a recurring observation that usually the poor are presented in one of two contrasting frames: the ‘deserving poor’ and the ‘undeserving poor’.

•While the frame of deserving poor employs a sympathetic treatment of the poor, the frame of the undeserving poor is built upon the rhetoric of deficiency in individuals who are portrayed as a burden on the taxpayer due to their dependency on welfare policies

•(see also, scroungerphobia, Golding & Middleton, 1982)

Gerbner theory

Theory: Cultivation theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more susceptible to media messages and the belief that they are real and valid. Heavy viewers are exposed to more violence and therefore are effected by the Mean World Syndrome, the belief that the world is a far worse and dangerous place then it actually is. According to the theory heavy viewing of television is creating a homogeneous and fearful populace, however so many studies have been done in this area that really no one knows how or even if violence on TV or in film negatively or positively affects its audience.

Now cultivation theory has taken on a more general definition in regards to mass media. It now extends to encompass the idea that television colours our perception of the world. For example; if someone stays inside and watch news about crime all day, they might be inclined to believe that the crime rate is far higher than it actually is and they might easily become the victim of a crime. Or in another sense heavy viewership of any media   can perpetuate stereotypes both positive and negative. It really comes down to the question of to what extent does reality shape TV and vice versa.

Essay

You will create an essay on isue 1332 of the Big issue: Still at War.  You will anaylyse the media language and media representations associated with the front cover.

As part of the essay you will need to discuss the social and politcal contexts which have lead to a rise in homelessness in overall and inparticular within the veteran community.

You will also discuss how newspapers (right wing and Big Issue) vary in the way the represent homelessness.  As part of your arguments you are required to use Gerbners theory.


RESPONSE TO ESSAY QUESTION

Most people usually believe and see all homeless people as undeserving however they do not think about the few war veterans who have become homeless too. Therefore, this has become an issue which nobody is resolving or actually realising it, so that is why the Big Issue is focusing and emphasising on it.  

The Big Issue tries to break the stereotype that ''all homeless people are undeserving of help'' as the war veterans who are homeless are actually deserving of help as a result of what they have done for all of Britan and he poeple living here. 

A reason for the soldiers who have been left homeless is because of the Post-traumatic stress they have received after the war. The memories of war remain forever and haunt the soldiers forever therefore is really hard for them to continue and get used to their 'normal life' routine, after the war they have been fighting in. Unlike some other homeless people, the homeless soldiers have actually got a reasonable and serious reasos that has resulted them in becoming homeless.

However, as there is still many veterans who are homeless even though it is not recognised and no attention has been put on that, there should be more stuff done towards to help them. 

However, there is many organisations and online websites which have been created in order to help the veterans/soldiers who are homeless and deserve support as they have done so much for the country. 

Firstly, the Magazine Big Issue is itself mostly sold by the woking class and lower class people usually immigrants who have just came to England. The pay for the work they do is very low however it still helps them and leads them in the correct diection in order to become stable. Therefore, the Big Issue is a magazine which focuses on serious issues for example having the 'homelessness of soldiers' as one of them. In order to try to get help to resolve the issue they have made a front cover based on it.

The masthead ''Still at war'' is most importantly written in bold with capital letters in order to emphasise the issue that even though the veterans are not physically i war they are mentally still in fighting and the war is still going on and remaining in their heads and lifes. Moreover,  the adverb ''still'' emphasises the frustration and the long period of time that war has been going on for suggesting that actions should be taken towards this issue and it finally needs to stop. Over the eyes of the soldier in the front cover  there is a cover line saying ''the battle for peace of mind back home, rebulding lifes, fighting for futures''. The fact that this cover line is placed exactly over his eyes implies that havig his eyes covered causes him to be unable to see the real world as they are in war and war is not life. He is being blinded by the war which prevents him from seeing the real world that the other people are seeing and the beauty of it. It is socially constructed and different people see in a different way. For example, the soldiers and war veterans will see the world and life in a negative light and as a bad place, as what this world and life ha gave them is war and that's what they have experienced. Moreover, the phrase ''fighting for future'' can mean that the war veterans who are homeless are fighting for their own futures and to have a better life. The noun ''war'' and having it wirtten in capitals&bold can implicate the fact that the soldiers are unable to adjust to the normal life after contributing and being part in a war. This is because the memories from the war are going to remain in their heads forever and are hanting them. Also, some have returned back from war which big effects such as having Post traumatc stress which makes the proccess of beginning to live the normal every day life even harder as they have snap-shots of the war in their heads and constantly are remembering them. This is a very seroious mental disorder, that has to be treated, in order to minimise it. To support this point, the facial expressions of the war veteran are not shown as the readers are unable to see his eyes therefore his emotions cannot be conveyed to the readers hinting that after the war the soldiers have became hopeless and emotionless after all the negative stuff they have experienced there. Also, as his face is in black&white this symbolises the hopeless nation of homeless ex war veterans and creates a sense of despair and sympathy towards them from the readers. The colour black is an unsaturated and muted colour therefore it has negative connotations such as of death and evil which links to war emphasising the loss and amount of people who have died already and are continiueing to die. The presence of only black and white colours on his face and the absence of saturated colours implies that he has no identity or has no found it yet as his country may be a dangerous place therefore not allowing him to go back to live his life there and find his identity. On the other hand, the helmet is the only aspect in the picture that is in another colour rather than black or white. This could be because it is something that has a very important meaning towards the front cover however it is hidden. The helmet could be a tool used in order to protect his mind and mental well being. The fact that the colour of it its green links to the armed forces and the colour of clothes that they wear. 

It has been estimated that 22% of London’s homeless population had a Service history. Therefore this means that around 3,000-4,,000 veterans are homeless in London each night. 
A big proportion of the Dandeker reported veterans being more likely to report physical health problems than the general homeless population. Homeless veterans were more likely to report alcohol-related problems. A reason for this is because of the struggle to come back into reality and norma life therefore majority of the veterans find alcohol as a way to escape the reality and issues. Relationship breakdowns and financial problems and crisis or bereavement can lead to the alcohol addication and alcohol-related problems furthermore resulting in the rise of homeles veterans. After being back from the military career, maintaining stable employment or a normal family life for example was found and proved troublesome Mental health problems are commonly reported among homeless veterans too. Randell and Brown’s (1994) participants reported high levels of mental health issues, with 23% having spent time in a psychiatric unit. There has been a popular feeling that PTSD is suffered frequently by a very high number of veterans who find life difficult and makes their adjustment to normal life even harder. 

Other reasons for the high number of the homeless veterans in the UK are because veterans were better at surviving on the streets and were also less likely to engage with support services. Veterans have reported that they considered themselves, through their military experiences and training, better equipped for dealing with street homelessness than others. Lemos and Durckacz found that homeless veterans considered themselves separate and perhaps a class above their non-veteran homeless peers.

On the other hand there is a political context linked to this issue. Firstly, the right wing have negative views and thoughts towards the homeless people no matter if they are homeless veterans or just normal homeless people.

However in order to resolve this social issues linked with the rise in homeless a range of information and services available to Service leavers and veterans to assist them with accessing and maintaining suitable accommodation both on discharge and later in life have been created. However many veterans are ashamed of using these services.


Homeless people statistics

7,500 homeless people in London
2,500 are children
1/200 is homeless

telegraph- right wing (newspaper about the romanians) undeserving of help views
daily mail- left wing
dailty mirror- left wing

Essay analysis- in bob we trust - 16/11/2018

Essay analysis 
In Bob We Trust
The Big Issue 

You will analyse the media language and media representation of the xxx issue of the Big Issue “In Bob we trust” .   To what extent does the Magazine diverge from mainstream/rightwing depictions of the poor/homeless.  Why is the magazines remit an important factor in the way the magazine represents homelessness?  Discuss the social and political context of homelessness…Discuss the impact of homelessness in Britain today from your research.

are the views on the homless stereoypical or counter stereotypical

- apply theories

- analyse the media language and representation

- editing

- mise en scene

- camera work

- sound

The official phrase which is ''In god we trust" originally comes from the United States and actually the bible. it is illustrated on the dollar notes of America. However, in this context the fact that on this magazine cover it has been changed to Bob could in reality suggest that as Bob came into James' life he became the only individual he can actually trust and that helped him in order to come out of the situation he was in. Usually, many people believe in God and believe that he is their hope and person they can trust therefore in the case of James this can be interpreted by Bob symbolising God for James. He was the person he can trust, believe in and his only hope. 

Moreover, by saying ''In Bob we trust'' could imply the emphasis James is putting onto his cat- Bob and emphasising how lucky he is to have met him. As for many people God is the most important person in their lifes, for James, his cat Bob is. He was the individual who turned his whole life around and into better showing him and symbolising the hope in his life. James was in a very desperate situation therefore he could not ask anyone for help or support so Bob actually saved his hopeless life. 

As we know, James became homeless and therefore turned into drugs becoming a drug addict. Turning into drugs can often be as a result of family problems and having rough time, not having anyone on your side you can trust or ask for help and also due to financial problems. Therefore people go into drugs in order to escape the reality and the problems they are having however at one point you realise that this not a permanent solution but for only a period of time. However, for some individuals there is always a specific reason to their life around and for James the reason was Bob. As he says in an interview before Bob came int his life, while he was still a drug addict he was very selfish, only thinking about himself and the drugs he was going to take. However, after Bob came he states that this is what changed him significantly, he started taking care of him and not only looking at himself, therefore that was his first step of changing into better.

Looking at the homelessness around the UK and in general there is millions of homeless people. Usually the majority looks upon the homeless people with the negatove stereotypical views. An example of this is that 

Print media- The Big Issue 14/11/2018

Print media- The big issue

14/11/2018

Media language- how the media communicate meanings through their forms, codes, conventions and techniques.

Media representation- how the media portray events, issues, individual and social groups.

The main colour used in this cover is the bright yellow colour. This colour represents energy, positivism and muscle energy which can be linked to what the shot shows- a girl which has a very nice body. The colour yellow used is a saturated colour. The shot used is a mid shot and allows the audience to have a better view at her body and not on the face, as the main point of this advert is to show the body, not the face. The target market is mostly women as there is a girl in the advert and it is asking whethever other girls have their body ready in order to go to the beach and show it. The shot of this girl with a nice body form can be offensive as it portrays to the audience that all women at this kind of age should have a body like this, however not every girl is that fit therefore other girls with different body forms may be offended and feel like there is no respect toward them and other types of body forms. Also, the mode of address used by the girl is very serious, she is standing on her knees and we can see that she is looking directly at the camera creating a direct address. 

The bright, saturated colour is very attractive and attracts the attention of the audience. If it was a dark, unsaturated, muted colour it would not catch the eye of people.

The advert emphasises the female sexuality.

The sharp images, emphasises the shape of the body and helps to focus the attention of the audience onto the body parts of the girl.

The angle of the shot is looking straight at the girl it builds up the relationship between the audience and the model as looking straight implies being on the same level. Also, the advert represents protein supplement intake therefore looking straight up means being on the same level therefore this links to the fact that people should take the suitable protein intake. 

The advert focuses on the body forms of females however it emphasises the stereotypes that all females should be skinny. 

The font shows that she is standing on the left. The headline is in bold which implies its importance and significance. The image is very sexualised too. it explores the main themes of gender, age and sexuality. 

The Big Issue 

The Big Issue is a street newspaper founded by John Bird and Gordon Roddick in September 1991 and published in four continents. The Big Issue is one of the UK's leading social businesses and exists to offer homeless people, or individuals at risk of homelessness, the opportunity to earn a legitimate income, thereby helping them to reintegrate into mainstream society. It is the world's most widely circulated street newspaper.

In 1995, The Big Issue Foundation was founded to offer additional support and advice to vendors around issues such as housing, health, personal finance and addiction.

Vendors buy The Big Issue for £1.25 and sell it for £2.50. Each seller is a micro-entrepreneur who is working, not begging. We have helped over 92,000 vendors, some of the most vulnerable people in the country, earn over £115 million in the last 25 years. Currently there are around 1500 vendors up and down the UK who last year alone earned a total of £5.5 million through selling the magazine.

It is a hand up not a hand out. It gives the opportunity for homeless people to actually recover and rehabilitates them, it does not just give them money because they're beginning. It produces them with a source of income, that can help the homeless people come out of their situation and stabilise them. 

Political context

Left wing politics: they support social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality. 

egalitarianism- the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities. 

Right wing politics: the political right opposes socialism and social democracy, right wing parties include conservatives, nationalists and on the far right racists and fascists. 

nationalists- an extreme form of patriotism marked by feeling of superiority over other countries.

fascists- a political system, based on a very powerful leader, state control, and being extremely proud of country and race, and in which political opposition is not allowed.

The right wing newspapers                        The left wing newspapers

- The Sun                                                   - The Mirror

- The times                                                - The Guardian

- The Telegraph                                         

- The daily Mail

- The evening Standard

The cat ''Bob'' is used in order to symbolise the hope in the life of the person. As the person was very desperate as soon as the cat appeared, it became the reason for the men to actually start improving and trying to come out of the difficult situation he was in. Furthermore, he was a drug addict and as Bob appeared he started believing that it was an obligation to rehabilitate and become clean and actually stabilise himself.

Question to answer on Friday

You will create an essay:

You will analyse the media language and media representation of the xxx issue of the Big Issue “In Bob we trust” .   To what extent does the Magazine diverge from mainstream/rightwing depictions of the poor/homeless.  Why is the magazines remit an important factor in the way the magazine represents homelessness?  Discuss the social and political context of homelessness…Discuss the impact of homelessness in Britain today from your research.

remit- giving a hand up not a hand down

- are the views on the homless stereoypical or counter stereotypical
- apply theories
- analyse the media language and representation
- editing
- mise en scene
- camera work
- sound